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Pattern

Breakdown and Repair

Something broke. Before you fix it, ask: will this break again? Fixes restore function. Repairs prevent recurrence.

Published January 8, 2025

When to Use This Pattern

Get it working again. Users need the system up.

Prevent recurrence. Update documentation and patterns.

How It Works

When something breaks, you notice what was previously invisible. The deployment that “just worked” now reveals its assumptions. The config that was obvious turns out to have hidden dependencies.

A system that only fixes accumulates the same breakdowns. A system that repairs evolves its understanding. The goal isn’t just to get it working—it’s to make this class of failure impossible.

“True repair requires restructuring understanding—not just mechanical correction.”

“True repair requires restructuring understanding—not just mechanical correction.”

Real Examples

What BrokeThe FixThe Repair
Route pattern missing /*Add /* to wrangler.tomlDocument in template-deployment-patterns.md
Fallback overwrites indexRename to 200.htmlAdd to deployment checklist
DNS conflicts with workerRemove wildcard recordExplain why in Canon Reflection section

When to Apply

  • • Same failure has occurred before

  • • Failure reveals unstated assumption

  • • Others could hit the same issue

  • • Pattern documentation exists

  • • The fix was non-obvious

  • • Truly one-off environmental issue

  • • External dependency failure

  • • Repair would be premature (still learning)

  • • Cost of repair exceeds likelihood of recurrence

The Philosophy

Heidegger called this moment—when tools stop working and become visible—Vorhandenheit(“present-at-hand”). When everything works, tools recede into use (Zuhandenheit, “ready-to-hand”). Breakdowns reveal what was previously invisible.

Gerry Stahl applied this to software: the distinction betweenfixing(mechanical correction) andrepairing(restructuring understanding). Understanding moves cyclically: preunderstanding → breakdown → reinterpretation → revised understanding.

Related Patterns

Breakdown interrupts dwelling. Repair enables return to transparent use.

Each breakdown-repair cycle advances understanding through the spiral.